Galileo demonstrated that objects, no matter their mass, fall at the same rate by dropping two balls of different masses from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. They fell at the same time and therefore proved his hypothesis correct and disproved Aristotle's theory of gravity, which was the commonly held belief that an object's rate of freefall was dependent on its mass.
Galileo's experiment was validated by the moon landing, where astronauts demonstrated a feather and a hammer falling at the same rate because of no air resistance.
Experiment 2: Hooke's Law
Robert Hooke discovered the law of elasticity by attaching weights to a spring and measuring how the force and the "stretch" were related. He discovered that they were directly proportional, and that the amount of force applied to the spring was linearly related to the extension of the spring. Not all springs exhibit this, but those that do are called "Hookean" springs.
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